The government has given shifting figures to Parliament on the number of returnees prosecuted:. The government has never confirmed how many of these people have actually been prosecuted for terror offences.
Last year, in response to a freedom of information request from the BBC, the Home Office said it "does not hold the information". However, research by the BBC which has examined all recent terrorism prosecutions, has found that only 14 people who crossed into Syria have been convicted of terror offences after returning to Britain.
The first case was in , with Aristidou the most recent. Five people in total have been convicted of IS membership, but only two of them are returnees from Syria. The other three people had joined the group in the UK, meaning individuals are more likely to be charged with IS membership if they never went to Syria.
Separately, four people who fought against IS with the Kurdish YPG militia were charged with terror offences after returning to Britain. The number who went to join the YPG has been placed as low as 30, suggesting a higher proportion of YPG fighters were charged with terror offences despite receiving western military support in their campaign against IS. No one who returned to the UK after joining jihadist groups has been charged with offences under war crimes or torture legislation, which provide an avenue of prosecution for crimes committed outside UK borders.
Turkish sentences. Image source, Reuters. Few prosecutions. The long two handed execution sword was concealed under the straw on the scaffold. Anne made a short speech to the assembled witnesses and then removed her cape and her hair coif and cap which was now replaced by a white cap. She knelt on the platform and prayed with her chaplain. When she had finished one of her ladies in waiting blindfolded her with a large handkerchief.
All was now ready and the headsman took up the sword and beheaded her with a single blow. Click here to see a photo of her execution as portrayed in a film. Her ladies in waiting recovered her head and as there was no coffin provided, she was placed in an old arrow box and duly buried in the Chapel Royal of St.
Peter ad Vinicula , within the Tower. Lady Jane Grey, the daughter of the Duke of Suffolk, was born in October and was only 16 years old when she was proclaimed Queen on the 10th of July by Protestant nobles, including her father, after the premature death of Edward VI. She reigned, uncrowned, for just nine days and was unable to win public acceptance because of her religion in what was a predominately Catholic country.
Thus, Jane was deposed and imprisoned in the Tower for six months before being condemned for treason and executed on the 13th of February She was led to the scaffold erected on Tower Green in front of the White Tower. She made a speech and recited a psalm before using a large white handkerchief to blindfold herself. She knelt on a cushion in front of the high block. Having blindfolded herself she couldn't see the block and fumbling for it said "What shall I do, where is it, where is it?
Click here to see an artist's impression of her execution. Earlier on the same day her husband, Lord Guilford Dudley, whom she had married on the 21st of May , was beheaded on Tower Hill and her father suffered the same fate 11 days later for his part in the alleged conspiracy to seize the thrown for his daughter.
Many others were to be beheaded or burned at the stake under Mary's reign, hence her nickname. King Charles I. Charles I was the only English monarch ever to be executed. He was beheaded on Tuesday the 30th of January on a raised scaffold in front of the Palace of Whitehall. An act of parliament had to be passed to set up a means to try him before a special court composed of Commissioners. The trial began on the 20th of January and the king refused to recognise the court or to enter a plea.
His head was sewn back onto the body and after the family had paid their last respects he was buried in the George Chapel in Windsor Castle.
Saudi Arabia - beheading in the 21st century. Saudi Arabia uses public beheading as the punishment for murder, rape, drug trafficking, sodomy, armed robbery, apostasy, sorcery and certain other offences.
Saudi Arabia publicly beheaded men and 3 women for murder, armed robbery, terrorism and drug offences during The condemned of both sexes are typically given tranquillisers and then taken by police van to a public square or a car park after midday prayers.
Their eyes are covered and they are blindfolded. The police clear the square of traffic and a sheet of plastic sheet about 16 feet square is laid out on the ground. Dressed in either a white robe or their own clothes, barefoot, with shackled feet and hands cuffed behind their back, the prisoner is led by a police officer to the centre of the sheet where they are made to kneel facing Mecca. An Interior Ministry official reads out the prisoner's name and crime to the crowd.
Saudi Arabia uses a traditional Arab scimitar which is mm long. The executioner is handed the sword by a policeman and raises the gleaming scimitar, often swinging it two or three times in the air to warm up his arm muscles, before approaching the prisoner from behind and jabbing him in the back with the tip of the blade, causing the person to raise their head.
Normally it takes just one swing of the sword to sever the head, often sending it flying some two or three feet. Paramedics bring the head to a doctor, who uses a gloved hand to stop the fountain of blood spurting from the neck. The doctor sews the head back on, and the body is wrapped in the blue plastic sheet and taken away in an ambulance. Burial takes place in an unmarked grave in the prison cemetery.
Forty seven women have been publicly beheaded up to the end of Most executions take place in the three major cities of Riyadh , Jeddah and Dahran.
Saudi executioners take great pride in their work and the post tends to be handed down from one generation to the next. Franz Schmidt, the executioner of Nuremberg from May to , often tried to persuade the authorities to allow him to behead a condemned woman, rather than hang her, as a mercy to the woman. When this was permitted, she was seated in a chair and Schmidt beheaded her with his sword from behind. He executed at least 42 women during his 44 years in office. A later modification was to lie the condemned on a bench at the same height at the block.
The executioner used an axe weighing around 15Kg. The execution of Bertha Zillman on October 31st, was described by journalists. Zillman had poisoned her husband with arsenic, because he beat her and their children, for which she was sentenced to death. Her dress was cut out at the neck down to her shoulders and her hair put up in a bun. She was given a shawl to wear. Watch the report below via ITV :. An experienced broadcaster and columnist, Noah Rothman has been providing political opinion and analysis to a variety of media outlets since His work has appeared in a number of political opinion journals, and he has shared his insights with television and radio personalities across the country.
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